Chapters 2 and 3, which form the first part of the book of Revelation, contain seven letters to the churches, each represented by an angel to whom the letter is addressed. In these letters Christ (who is referred to in various ways) and the Holy Spirit speak: hence the warning at the end of each, “he who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” Although the letters are different from one another, they all have the same basic structure: there is reference to the past, which is contrasted with the present; various warnings are given and promises made; then there is an exhortation to repentance and conversion, a reminder that the end, and Christ’s definitive victory, will soon come.